Koopmans

25/06/2026

Certainly. The full APA 7th edition citation is:

> Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., de Vet, H. C. W., & van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856–866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763 

This paper is particularly valuable for your Chapter 2 because it is a systematic review, meaning the authors synthesized numerous existing performance frameworks and proposed a heuristic model of individual work performance. They identified four dimensions that appear repeatedly in the literature:

1. Task Performance

2. Contextual Performance

3. Adaptive Performance

4. Counterproductive Work Behavior 

For your DBA, I would suggest citing it in the Dimensions of Employee Performance subsection rather than using it as the sole definition of employee performance. A strong combination would be:

Campbell (1990) → foundational definition of performance.

Koopmans et al. (2011) → conceptual framework and dimensions.

Koopmans et al. (2014) → measurement and operationalization through the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). 

This progression usually satisfies examiners because it moves from: Definition → Conceptualization → Measurement.

For palm oil mill workers, I suspect task performance, adaptive performance, and contextual performance will be especially relevant, since mill operations require adherence to procedures, teamwork, safety awareness, and adaptation to technological and operational changes. Counterproductive work behavior can be discussed, but it may not need as much emphasis unless it is part of your measurement model. 

Norsanina.blogspot.com